Hot water boilers are closed-system pressure vessels that produce hot water below 100°C (the saturation steam temperature at atmospheric pressure). On one side of their surfaces, they contain water as the heat-absorbing fluid. On the other side, there are flame-flue tubes and a combustion chamber through which the flame and flue gases, resulting from the combustion of a heat-emitting fuel, circulate. The primary cause of pressure in these pressure vessels is the initial water pressure supplied from a booster pump or the main water supply. The pressure increase due to water heating is negligible. Therefore, any tears or cracks in the shell or furnace do not cause damage to the boiler room.

Thermal oil boilers are closed pressure vessels. On one side of their surfaces, they contain thermal oil as the heat-absorbing fluid. On the other side, there are paths for the heat-emitting flame and flue gases resulting from fuel combustion. The thermal oil continuously circulates at speeds of 1.5-2 m/s. It passes through pipes, designed in either a horizontal or vertical construction, ensuring a turbulent flow with no stagnant points. As it flows, the thermal oil absorbs heat energy from the flame-flue gases generated in the combustion chamber or from electrical resistances, raising its temperature to the desired range and producing hot thermal oil at the required temperature.

Water tube steam boilers are boilers where water circulates and vaporizes inside tubes. These steam boilers are developed and produced for businesses requiring high steam capacity and high pressure.
These are used in industrial facilities requiring high capacity and pressure. For needs exceeding 30 tons/hour and 20 atmospheres of pressure, Fire-Tube Boilers aren't suitable. Therefore, Water-Tube Boilers can meet demands above these capacities.

Steam boilers are closed pressure vessels where water, as the heat-absorbing fluid, flows on one side of the surfaces, while the other side contains paths for the flame and flue gases resulting from the combustion of a fuel, which acts as the heat source.
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